Whenever i means j (hukou homogamy), each other x
diary F cijkl = Picture dos + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )
ijkl and yijkl equal 0. xijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and yijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), xijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, yijkl equals 1 if k < l>
Second, i level ining how odds of hukou intermarriage transform having each spouse’s knowledge (Gullickson and you may Torche, 2014), and we subsequent see version for the markets replace among them places.
journal F cijkl = Equation 2 + ? p = step 1 dos ? p you pij + ? q = step one dos ? q w qij + ? c ? p = step 1 dos ? p u pij + ? c ? q = 1 2 ? q w qij
When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both upij and wqij equal 0. upij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and wqij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), upij equals 1 if k >p and wqij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), upij equals 1 if l > p and wqij equals 1 if k > q.
Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants’ and locals’ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?p and ?q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses’ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses’ educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.
Descriptive Efficiency
Descriptive causes Table step 1 tell you hukou locality pairings off partners of the urban area. Inside Shanghai, throughout the 47% away from mini-census were developed anywhere between a couple migrants; inside Shenzhen, you to payment is more 70%. Regarding 38% regarding marriage ceremonies involved one or two local spouses from inside the Shanghai, whereas 15% from marriage ceremonies had one or two regional spouses in Shenzhen. Clearly, individuals had a tendency to marry in their hukou standing class both in cities. Both in metropolitan areas, marriages between a region spouse and good migrant partner was far probably be than marriages ranging from a good migrant husband and a region partner to occur (13% against. 3% in the Shanghai and you may 11% vs. 4% in the Shenzhen). The brand new percentage of hukou area homogamy is similar throughout the several places. Yet, we need to interpret the outcome having alerting, since the display out of migrants is different during these a couple locations. The brand new cousin size of migrants and neighbors creates architectural relationship options for individuals to seek prospective partners and finally ). Log-linear studies allows us to glance at the level of hukou homogamy, net of the compositional consequences, of the managing to have marginal distributions away from hukou position.
Desk 1.
I very first establish the new distributions out-of degree attainment to own migrant husbands, regional husbands, migrant spouses, and you can local wives during the for each city, respectively, inside Profile step one . On average, migrants try shorter educated than simply locals, regardless of gender, in both Shanghai and kГ¤ytГ¤nnГ¶llinen linkki Shenzhen. One of migrants, guys are top educated than feamales in one another Shanghai and you can Shenzhen. Alternatively, certainly one of neighbors, the newest gender pit in the knowledge try both small otherwise stopped: regional men on average are merely quite top experienced than just the women equivalents when you look at the Shenzhen, and you may local female an average of are more knowledgeable than simply their male equivalents from inside the Shanghai. Log-linear activities handle to your degree inequalities between someone and you can ranging from natives and you will migrants to capture the latest connectivity between spouses’ studies and you will ranging from instructional and you will hukou locality assortative mating, websites of your own limited distributions of spouses’ faculties.
